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Class B Noxious Weed

Common Reed
(Non-Native Genotypes)

Phragmites australis
 

phragmites close up


Plant family:
Poaceae
Year listed:
Native to: Unclear, thought to have originated in Europe, Asia, Australia

Why is it a noxious weed?

The Non-native genotype of Phragmites australis will colonize, and displace the other plants in a wetland community, often forming, dense monospecific stands. Wildlife is displaced when wetland hydrology, structure and function are altered. Water quality deteriorates when water flow or circulation is adversely affected by this species.

How would I identify it?

General Description: Common reed is a large perennial, grass or reed with creeping rhizomes.

Leaves:

  • lanceolate
  • from 8-16 inches long, 1/5 -1.5 inches wide
  • leaf blade is smooth
  • loose, blades will twist in the wind to one side

Flowers:

  • dense
  • silky
  • floral spikelets are tawny, purplish, 1-16 inches long             

Stems:

  • woody, hollow culms
  • can reach 12 feet tall
  • rough

How does it reproduce?

Common reed is a clonal grass species that reproduces both vegetative and by seed dispersal.

Where does it grow?

Common reed is found in disturbed and non-disturbed (pristine) sites that hold water, including roadside ditches and depressions. It is typically found in or near wetlands.

What is the distribution in Washington State?

 

 

  • Distribution map not available at this time.

How do I control it?

General control methods: Care must be taken not to produce new plants, entire plant material should be removed, since rhizomes can produce new plants.

Cultural: Disking could be employed, however, disking could potentially result in an increase of plants, since fragments of the rhizome can produce new plants. Burning does not reduce the growing ability of Common reed unless root burn occurs, which is difficult.

Herbicide:

Mechanical: Cutting has been used successfully for control. Since it is a grass, cutting several times during a season, at the wrong times, may increase stand density . However, if cut just before the end of July, most of the food reserves produced that season are removed with the aerial portion of the plant, reducing the plant's vigor. This regime may eliminate a colony if carried out annually for several years. Care must be taken to remove cut shoots to prevent regrowth.

Biological: Grazing has not been successful, cattle consume only the above ground portions of the plant.

Are there plants that may be confused with Common Reed?

Common reed may be confused with native populations of Phragmites. Native genotypes are less dense, the stems are thin and shiny. The flowers are also less dense. If you need help with plant identification, please contract  your county noxious weed coordinator.

 

For more information

For more information, download our Written Findings.

 

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Common reed infestation
Infestation along riparian area, notice the dense stand.

 Last updated June 27, 2008